In situ modified screen printed and carbon paste ion selective electrodes for potentiometric determination of naphazoline hydrochloride in its formulation / 药物分析学报

The construction and performance characteristics of new sensitive and selective in situ modified screen printed (ISPE) and carbon paste (ICPE) electrodes for determination of naphazoline hydrochloride (NPZ-HCl) have been developed. The electrodes under investigation show potentiometric response for NPZ-HCl in the concentration range from 7.0 ? 10-7 to 1.0 ? 10-2 M at 25 1C and the electrode response is independent of pH in the range of 3.1-7.9. These sensors have slope values of 59.770.6 and 59.270.2 mV decade?1 with detection limit values of 5.6 ? 10-7 and 5.9 ? 10-7 M NPZ-HCl using ISPE and ICPE, respectively. These electrodes show fast response time of 4-7 s and 5-8 s and exhibits lifetimes of 28 and 30 days for ISPE and ICPE, respectively. Selectivity for NPZ-HCl with respect to a number of interfering materials was also investigated. It was found that there is no interference from the investigated inorganic cations, anions, sugars and other pharmaceutical excipients. The proposed sensors were applied for the determination of NPZ-HCl in pharmaceutical formulation using the direct potentiometric method. It showed a mean average recovery of 100.2%and 102.6%for ISPE and ICPE, respectively. The obtained results using the proposed sensors were in good agreement with those obtained using the official method. The proposed sensors show significantly high selectivity, response time, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) compared with other proposed methods.

Palmar dermatoglyphics in Libyan population

To construct some population standards of some of the palmar dermatoglyphic features in the adult Libyans living in Tripoli. A total number of 100 adult Libyan males and 100 adult Libyan females living in Tripoli were used in this study. They were students at Faculty of Medicine, Al-Fateh University during the academic year 2009/2010. Their ages ranged from 18-20 years. For all subject palmar dermatoglyphic studies; Atd angle and a-b ridge count were done. The palmar jiexion creases; normal, Simian, Partial Simian and Sydney pattern were investigated. Mean atd angle of right hand of adult male [33.74] was less than that of the left hand [33.89]. Mean atd angle of the right hand of the adult female [34.37] was less than that of the left hand [34.61]. On the other hand, the mean atd angles of both right and left hands of the male were less than that of the female. A-b ridge count of right hand of male adult [38.31] was less than that of left hand [38.7]. The same result was seen in the female; a-b ridge count of right hand of female adult [35.77] was less than that of the left hand [36.87]. However, the a-b ridge count of both right and left hands of the male are more than that of the female. The percentage of the normal palmar flexion creases was found to be more in both hands of the adult male [81% for both,] than that of both hands of the female [68% for the right hand and 72%/or the left hand]. Conversely, the percentage of the abnormal types of palmar flexion creases was found to be less in both hands of the male [19%] than that present in both hands of the female [32% for the right hand and 28% for the left]. The data of this study discover the presence of sexual differences and bilateral asymmetry of almost all the palmar dermatoglyphic .features studied. The variations may be attributed to the genetic factor influencing their development

Hand parameters of adult Libyans

The hand measurements were carried out on both hands and all fingers of each volunteer to perform a standard for the Libyan population. Hand print impressions of 200 adult Libyan voluteers [100 males and 100 females] were taken. They are right handed. They live in the city of Tripoli. They are students a Faculty of Medicine, Al-Fateh University. Their ages were from 18-20 years old. They have good health and free of any chronic debilitating disease. The parameters studied were maximum length and breadth of both hands and for each finger of both hands. Hand Index [maximum hand width / hand length X 100] and finger Index [maximum finger width /finger length X 100] for each finger were estimated. The data were analyzed using different histograms. The data show the presence of bisexual highly significant differences and bilateral non-significant differences of almost all hand and finger parameters. Also, these data are different from that found before in other populations. Variations in hand measurements may be attributed to several factors like genetic, racial, geographical, climatic and nutritional. This work is the first study done on Libyans and was presented, discussed and accepted at the First International Congress of Medical Science, Towards Advanced Medical Horizons. Al-Baida, Libya, 23-25/04/2010, pp: 84

Auditory function in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Some rheumatologic diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosis and vascuilitis can affect the auditory system through either their pathological mechanisms or as a side effect of the medications. The aim of the current work was to study the auditory function in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis [JIA]. Middle ear function and cochlear function were examined in a study group formed of 30 patients with JIA and a control group formed of 15 normal hearing children through measuring the middle ear pressure, acoustic reflex, hearing sensitivity by pure tone audiometry and distortion product otoacoustc emissions [DPOAEs]. All patients had type A tympanograms and intact acoustic reflex, indicating normal middle ear function. Although the majority of the patients had hearing sensitivity that was normal in the speech frequencies [500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz], the mean hearing sensitivity in the patients with JIA was statistically significant higher than that in the age and sex matched control group. Moreover, 63% of patients with JIA had bilateral and symmetrical sensorineural [SNHL] hearing loss of mild degree at 8000 Hz. While the entire control group had normal DPOAE, which is a specific test for cochlear function, 65% of patients with JIA had abnormal DPOAE, reflecting cochlear pathology. In addition, the amplitude of DPOAEs, was statistically significant smaller in patients with JIA than that in the control group. Statistically significant correlation was found between cochlear function as measured by DPOAE and disease duration, articular index, systemic onset and presence of deformity. JIA affects the auditory system, targeting the cochlea and leads to mild SNHL. We recommend regular audiologic follow up as a part of general follow up in patients of JIA

Purification and characterization of pectin methylesterase isoenzymes from orange peel

Pectin methylesterase [PME] isoenzymes from Citrus sinensis [Balady orange] peel have been purified and characterized. The purification procedure included CM-cellulose, DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-200 columns. PMEl, PME2 and PME4 were purified to homogeneity. The molecular weights of PMEl, PME2 and PME4 were determined using Sephacryl S-200 column and estimated to be 23,000,·47,400 and 79,500 Da, respectively. PME1, PME2 and PME4 had isoelectric points of 5.4, 5.9 and 5.6, and pH optima of 6.0, 6.0 and 5.5, respectively. Maximum PME activity was reached at 50 mM NaCl for PMEl and PME4, and 25 mM NaCl for PME2. Km values of PMEl, PME2 and PME4 using pectin with degree of esterification [DE] of 8% were 0.55, 1.0 and 3.33 mg pectin/ml, respectively. The affinity of PMEs was increased with the increasing of the DE of pectin. The time-dependent heat-inactivation curves for the three isoforms exhibited exponential behaviour and showed that PMEl was more heat resistant than PME2 and PME4. Effect of pH on enzyme stability, kinetic properties [Vmax and Keat] of isoenzymes, and effect of different metal cations on enzyme activity were investigated. A study of the inhibitory effect of ferrous sulfate [FeSO[4]] on the PME activity in freshly prepared Balady orange juice revealed that 1 mM FeSO[4] was the best concentration that maintained the homogeneity and stability of the juice

study of effects of the Infrared laser on the adult albino rat thyroid gland

The thyroid gland and its hormones are so essential for normal growth and develodopment. The thyroid gland is unique in having a histological organization that provides for extracellular storage of its products in lumen of the follicles. Nowadays, laser is widely used in medical therapy. Laser beams are most effective as biological stimulants. Low energy laser irradiation produces various effects at the biochemical, cellular, histological and functional levels. So, this study aimed at studying the histological and ultrastructural effects of laser irradiation on the thyroid gland. In the present work 20 adult male albino rat were used. These animals were divided into two groups, control and experimental, each of them was formed of 10 animals. Each experimental animal was exposed to spot laser irradiation over the right lobe of the thyroid gland. The laser beam was applied for 5 minutes once daily for one month in a dose of 1.92 J/cm 2. The thyroid gland was fixed in either 10% formaldehyde solution for paraffin sections or in 5% gluteralehyde for semithin and ultrathin sections and routinely processed. The paraffin sections were stained with Hematoxeline and Eosin and Van Gisson stains. Whowever, semithin sections were stained with toluidine blue. Ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. The results showed that: The thyroid follicles were larger in size in experimental group than that of control group, more widely separated by thickened interacinar reticular septa. Heights of their follicular cells were variable from cuboidal in engorged thyroid acini, to columnar in less distended acini. Their colloid secretion was not homogeneously distributed among different follicles and even inside the same acinus. There was an increased vascularily in the form of perifollicular distended and tortuous blood vessels. Also, interacinar capillaries appeared more winded, engorged by blood cells and had thicker walls. By electron microscopy: apical surface of follicular cells was devoid of indentations and microvilli, in reverse to the control group. The cytoplasm was paler and contained lesser amounts of cytoplasmic organelles specially rough endoplasmic reticulum and its cisternae, mitochondria, lysosomes and large secretory granules but not free ribosomes. In conclusion, laser irradiation increases blood supply and does some cellular changes

Histological effects of gentamicin intake during pregnancy on the liver and kidney of the fetus and mother of albino rat

Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic which is widely used in the treatment of Gram-negative bacterial infections. The aim of this study is to demonstrate its effects not only on the liver and kidney of the pregnant female but also to show its effects on the developing liver and kidney of the fetus. In this work, a total of 40 albino rats were used. Twenty animals used as control groups for the mothers and fetuses. The other twenty were used as treated groups with gentamicin for the mothers and fetuses. Gentamicin in a dose of 100 mg / kg / day was given subcutaneously to the albino rats. The treatment was continuous for six days strating form 15-21 day of pregnancy. After that, the mothers and their fetuses were sacrified. Specimens of kidney and liver of some animals were processed and embedded in paraffin for routine histological examination after staining with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Liver and Kidney specimens of other animals were prepared for ultrastructural study. The mother kidney shows areas of focal hemorrhage with degeneration of the proximal convoluted tubules. The fetal kidney shows increase in the immature renal corpuscles. It also shows focal areas of tubular dilation with disruption of their lining epithelium. The mother liver shows distorted hepatic architecture. The blood sinusoids and bile ducts are dilated. There is also centrilobular inflammatory cellular infiltration. The fetal liver cells have vacuolated cytoplasm with a lot of lysosomes. From the findings observed in the present work, it xould be concluded that Gentamicin is the antibodies which had adverse reactions to the kidney and liver of both mother and fetus. It is thus recommended that it should be used with caution during pregnancy and only for strong clinical indications in the absence of suitable alternative

anatomic variations of the arterial supply of the human heart [Right or Left coronary artery dominance an angiographic study]

This study was done on a total of 149 cases [120 males and 29 females] of different ages ranging from 20 to 72 years. The results were statistically analyzed and it was found that the dominance of the coronary arteries is mainly right in either males or females. The majority of cases were found to be in the age group 40-60 years. Also, significant statistical differences were found in the age groups 20-40 and 40-60 years; whereas, there were no significant statistical differences in the age group above 60 years

study on age changes in the cartilages of albino rats using protein S-100 antibody

Postnatal samples of the knee joints of different ages of albino rats were taken and fixed by formalin. Specimens were decalcified and exposed to peroxidase anti-peroxidase immunohistochemical technique using S-100 protein as an antibody. In young ages, the chondrocytes were S-100 negative and in adult ages there was positive immunoreactivity in these cells. The positivity disappeared in the old ages, this means that immunoreaction to S-100 protein is localized to the adult normal chondrocytes of the inner core of the articular cartilages. The ageing changes in the cartilage led to disappearance of this positivity. Further investigation is recommended using antirheumatic drugs to show if this positivity returns to these cells with therapy